NN

Netware Asynchronous Board (Novell, Netware)

Network Administration Center

Networks and Communications

Null Attached Concentrator (FDDI)

North American Conference on Logic Programming (USA)

Networks And Communications Marketing

National Advisory Committee on Semiconductors (org., USA) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Netware Asynchronous Communication Server (Novell, Netware) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Access Control System (Netware, DES, cryptography) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

National Academic Center for Science Information Systems (org., USA)

Neural Adaptive Control Technology [project] (NN)

Network Access Device

National Archeological DataBase (DB, USA)

Novell Authorized Education Center (Novell, Netware)

National Algorithms Group [ltd] (UK, org.), "NAg"

Network Architecture Group (org.)

/nag'weir/ n. [Usenet] The variety of shareware that displays a large screen at the beginning or end reminding you to register, typically requiring some sort of keystroke to continue so that you can't use the software in batch mode. Compare annoyware, crippleware.

Netzwerk Arbeitswelt Informatik (manufacturer)

BSD mail(1) supporting MIME, SMTP and international charsets Workalike of the classical mail(1). Nail can produce and read MIME messages and has greatly improved character-set handling, including support for UTF-8. Without a mail-transport-agent you won't be able to receive mail, though sending works perfectly well (look for the 'smtp' variable in nail(1)). From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Netware Application Launcher (Novell, Netware, NAM)

Nevada Academic Libraries Information System

Netware Application Manager (Novell, Netware, NAL)

Full text search engine (namazu binary and cgi) Namazu is a full text search engine with is usable via cgi. It features a simple and easy setup, and is written in C and Perl. Namazu uses the text utilities nkf and kakasi (or chasen, which is not available in Debian). This package includes binary only for search index. To create indexes, please install namazu2-index-tools package. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

These tools will provide you with the IP addresses for given host names,as well as other information about registered domains and network addresses. You should install bind-utils if you need to get information from DNS nameservers. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A system that uses domain name system (DNS) to translate an assigned name into its associated IP address, and vice versa.

Internet domain name server

named configuration file syntax checking tool

zone file validity checking tool

follow a pathname until a terminal point is found

name network interfaces based on MAC addresses

National Association of Multimedia Shareware (org., USA) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

GNU Nana -- improved support for assertions and logging GNU Nana is a freely available library providing improved support for assertions and logging in GNU C/C++. In particular: * Space/time efficient assertion checking * Space/time efficient program logging * Code-to-HTML converter giving only details of your interface and pre/postconditions (similar to Eiffel short form). * Statement and function-level tracing under GDB. * Logging via inline C code (as in <assert.h>) or by extraction of commands for gdb which results in no performance cost unless running in the debugger. It was written by the author because he has written too many of these systems in the past for individual projects and has finally gotten tired of it. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

free Pico clone with some new features GNU nano is a free replacement for Pico, the default Pine editor. Pine is copyrighted under a slightly restrictive license, that makes it unsuitable for Debian's main section. GNU nano is an effort to provide a Pico-like editor, but also includes some features that were missing in the original, such as 'search and replace', 'goto line' or internationalization support. As it's written from scratch, it's smaller and faster. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Acronym for Network Access Point, the major internet providers usually have peering points at one or more NAPs.

Napster console client Napster console client. The advantage of nap over other graphical clients like gnome-napster is that you can run it under screen(1) on a remote host and disconnect from your session while nap continues the downloads. You can later reconnect to your running client even from another host and do more commands. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http: //www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Access Point (IN)

North American Presentation Level Protocol Syntax (BBS) From VERA [http: //www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

??? From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Non-Broadcast Multiple Access Address Resolution Protocol (RFC 1735)

Netware Access Services (Novell, Netware)

Network Application Services (DEC)

Network Application Support

Network Attached Storage

The Network Audio System (NAS). (local server) The Network Audio System was developed by NCD for playing, recording, and manipulating audio data over a network. Like the X Window System, it uses the client/server model to separate applications from the specific drivers that control audio input and output devices. This package contains the nas daemon (au), needed for local output from nas. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

An Algol-60 interpreter Algol-60 is the ancestor to most contemporary programming languages. It has been described by one of its designers, Edsger Dijkstra, as "a great improvement on many of its successors". The main attraction of this language is its historical importance. The present package contains a simple interpreted reimplementation of the Algol 60 language, "made for fun and call-by-name". From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Netware Asynchronous Service Interface (Novell, Netware) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

General-purpose x86 assembler Netwide Assembler. NASM will currently output flat-form binary files, a.out, COFF and ELF Unix object files, and Microsoft 16-bit DOS and Win32 object files. Also included is NDISASM, a prototype x86 binary-file disassembler which uses the same instruction table as NASM. NASM is released under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NASM is the Netwide Assembler, a free portable assembler for the Intel 80x86 microprocessor series, using primarily the traditional Intel instruction mnemonics and syntax. From Redhat 8.0 RPM [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Tools for the operating-system independent RDOFF binary format, whichis sometimes used with the Netwide Assembler (NASM). These tools include linker, library manager, loader, and information dump. From Redhat 8.0 RPM http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

[IP] Network Address Translator (RFC 1631, IP)

NAT is a way of providing access to the Internet through a single machine that translates the IP addresses. The NAT itself has one or more IP addresses, but all the machines behind the NAT have "private" Internet addresses. Contrast: A NAT provides some firewalling capabilities because isolates the end-nodes while still providing access to the Internet. The isolation is better than packet-filter firewalls, but not as good as proxies.

The default file format a program uses to store data on disk. The format is often a proprietary file format. Many popular programs today can retrieve and save data in several formats. See ASCII. Computer scientists are working to improve computers so that they can respond to natural language. Human languages are so complex that no single model of a natural language grammar system has gashed widespread acceptance among linguists. The complexity OF human languages, coupled with the lack of under standing about what information is needed to decode human sentences, makes it difficult to devise programs that recognize speech. Progress in solving these problems has been slow.

National Association of Telecommunications Officers & Advisors (org., USA)

Network Addressable Unit (IBM, SNA, OSI)

Network Attachment Unit (GigaB, IP-router)

Nearest Active Upstream Neighbour (MAC)

file manager and graphical shell Nautilus is an open-source file manager and graphical shell being developed by Eazel, Inc. and others. It is part of the GNOME project, and its source code can be found in the GNOME CVS repository. Nautilus is still in the early stages of development. It will become an integral part of the GNOME desktop environment when it is finished. Nautilus has the own BTS at http://bugzilla.eazel.com/ If you find the upstream problem (not packaging problem!!), please use it instead of Debian BTS. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Nautilus integrates access to files, applications, media, Internet-based resources and the Web. Nautilus delivers a dynamic and rich user experience. Nautilus is a free software project developed under the GNU General Public License and is a core component of the GNOME desktop project. From Redhat 8.0 RPM [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/ html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Nautilus is an excellent file manager for the GNOME desktop environment. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NAVy NETwork (mil., USA, network)

pattern scanning and text processing language

Non-windowmanager with windowmanager functionality nawm is not a window manager. It has a powerful configuration language for using windowmanager-like functionality. Because it is not a windowmanager, nawm can be run along side you existing windowmanager. Great for making up for missing functionality without having to change to a whole new windowmanager. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Nota bene (slang, Usenet, IRC)

Natural Binary Coded Decimal

Network Block Device client This package contains the client process for the Network Block Device. The Network Block Device is a client/server protocol that emulates a block device (like a hard disk, a floppy, a CD-ROM, ...) over the network, thus giving the system the ability to swap over the network, or to use raw network diskspace for other purposes. Note, however, that it is not possible to access a single networked block device from different clients simultaneously; if you want that, you don't need the Network Block Device (which, basically, is a Disk Server protocol) but something else, like Sun's Network File System (NFS), or CODA. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/ html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NetBIOS Datagram Distribution [server] (NETBIOS)

Not-Below-or-Equal

New BF Compiler The New BrainF*** compiler can compile code from the BF language into C, and from there into native machine code. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NETBIOS Frames Control Program (NETBIOS)

[PPP] NETBIOS Frames Control Protocol (PPP, NETBIOS, RFC 2097) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Narrow Band Frequency Modulation

Non-Broadcast Multiple Access (UNI, ATM)

NetBIOS Name Server (NETBIOS)

Name Binding Protocol (AppleTalk)

If you have an unused 100 or 250 MB ZIP-drive around, give it a new goal. Use it to run Linux. No hard disk or ramdisk required. A Zip disk-based distribution.

Narrow Band Socket (Intel, Nokia)

National Bureau of Standards (org., predecessor, NIST) From VERA [http:/ /www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NETBIOS on TCPIP (MS)

A program for scanning networks for NetBIOS name information. NBTscan is a program for scanning IP networks for NetBIOS name information. It sends NetBIOS status query to each address in supplied range and lists received information in human readable form. For each responded host it lists IP address, NetBIOS computer name, logged-in user name and MAC address (such as Ethernet). From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Client program for NEdit text editor

Network Channel / Connect / Control

Network Co-ordinator (FidoNet)

Network Computer [reference profile] (Apple, IBM, Netscape, Oracle, Sun, Internet)

Norton Commander (Symantec)

Numerical Control

TCP/IP swiss army knife

Network Communications Adapter

Network Computing Architecture (Oracle)

Network Control Analysis

Novell Certification Alliance (Novell, Netware)

National Center for Automated Information Research (org., USA) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

displays a calendar and the date of easter

National Center for Accessible Media (org., USA)

Network Control Block (LAN)

Network Control / Coordination Center

Network Control Computer

Network Communications Control Facility (IBM)

NASA Center for Computational Sciences (org., NASA)

Network Computing Devices (manufacturer)

Norton Change Directory (DOS)

Display directory tree NcdT displays directory tree, much like standard tree(1), but with few improvements: - it prints summary info instead of directory special file size - it prints MP3 file info It's particularly useful for indexing CDs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Nomadic Computing Environment (Tadpole)

A user-friendly and well-featured FTP client. This program allows a user to transfer files to and from a remote network site, and offers additional features that are not found in the standard interface, ftp. This version has Readline support enabled. This is a complete re-write of version 2.4.3 (Debian package ncftp2). Some users may prefer the full-screen ncurses interface of the "older" NcFTP 2.4.3; if you are one of them, install the ncftp2 package instead. Home Page: http:// www.ncftp.com/ncftp/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Ncftp is an improved FTP client. Ncftp's improvements include support for command line editing, command histories, recursive gets, automatic anonymous logins, and more. From Redhat 8.0 RPM [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

National Computer Graphics Association (org., USA)

National Consortium for High Performance Computing (org., HPC, USA) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Channel Interface

Non Coded Information

Native Client Interface Architecture (IOS)

Novell Certified Internet Professional (Novell, WWW, CNA) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

National Committee for Information Technology Standards (org., USA) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Null Convention Logic (CPU)

N-channel [Silicon Gate Reversed] CMOS

Nixdorf Communications Network

netCDF Operators NCO is a suite of programs known as operators. Each operator is a standalone, command line program that is executed at the UNIX shell-level. The operators take one or more netCDF files as input, perform an operation (e.g., averaging or hyperslabbing), and produce a netCDF file as output. The operators are primarily designed to aid manipulation and analysis of data. This reflects their origin, but the operators are as general as netCDF itself. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

National Coordination Office for High Performance Computing and Communications (org., USA, HPC), "NCO/HPCC"

Network Computer Operating System (OS, Oracle, Internet) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Non-Concurrent Operating System (OS, UNIVAC 9200, UNIVAC 9300) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Netware Core Protocol (Novell, IPX)

Network Control Processor

Network Control Program (BBN, ARPANET)

Network Control Program / Point (IBM)

Non-Carbon Paper

Not Copy-Protected

Netware Core Protocol Extension (NCP, Netware, IPX)

Utilities to use resources from NetWare servers. This package contains utilities to mount volumes from NetWare servers. Also included are some little utilities such as nprint, which enables you to print on NetWare print queues, and pserver, which provides NetWare print queues. Package ncpfs-2.0.12 and above replaces package ncpfsx. This package will work with 2.0.x, 2.1.x, 2.2.x, 2.3.x and 2.4.x kernels. Also, NetWare Directory Services are supported in ncpfs-2.0.12 and above. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

National Council on Patient Information and Education (org., USA) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A process-killer for console ncps is a ncurses based process-lister and -killer for console inspired by gPS. It can sort processes according to various criteria and can also display them in tree view. It is much more powerful than gitps of the GNU Interactive Tools. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

National Cash Registers (manufacturer, AT&T)

National Communications System (USA)

Network Computing System (HP, Apollo)

Network Control System

National Center for Supercomputing Applications (org., USA) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A supercomputer research center, affiliated with the University of Illinois at Urbana-champaign that specializes in scientific visualization. NCSA most recently achieved fame as the birthplace of NCSA Mosaic, the popular Web browser.

National Computer Security Center (org., USA)

North Carolina Supercomputing Center (org., USA)

Network Communications Service Interface (NMP)

National Computer Systems Laboratory (NIST, org., USA) From VERA [http:/ /www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

National Conference of Standards Laboratories (org., USA) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Computing System Network Data Representation (HP, Apollo), "NCS NDR"

Non Commentary Sources Statements (LOC)

Number Crunching Statistical System

Networked Computer Science Technical Reference Library (WWW) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Control and Timing

Network Channel-Terminating Equipment

National Computer and Telecommunications Laboratory (org., USA) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The curses library routines are a terminal-independent method of updating character screens with reasonable optimization. The ncurses (new curses) library is a freely distributable replacement for the discontinued 4.4BSD classic curses library. From Redhat 8.0 RPM [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Tiny little command line WebDAV interface nd provides a simple command line interface to the RFC 2518 (WebDAV) server. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Delivery Access

Non-Disclosure Agreement

Norddeutsche DatenAutobahn (network)

Network DataBase Management System (DB)

Non-standard DataBase System (DB)

National Destination Code (MS-ISDN, GSM, mobile-systems) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Data Collection

Node Data Controller (Zenith)

Network Data Collection Center

Norton Disk Doctor [software]

Neutral Data Definition Language (DDL)

NeWS Development Environment

Network Distributed ISDN [for windows NT] (AVM, ISDN, Windows NT) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Compares two nmap scans NDiff is a tool that can take the output from two nmap scans and give you the difference between them. The difference can be new or removed hosts and services. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Driver Interface Specification (3COM, MS)

Network Database Language (DB, 4GL)

Normal Disconnected Mode (IRDA, IRLAP, NRM)

Network Data Management Protocol

Netware Distributed Management Services (Novell, Netware) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Numeric Data Processor

Network Problem Determination Application

Network Data Representation (NCS, DCE)

Network Data Representation service (DCE/RPC)

Non-Destructive Read

Non-Destructive ReadOut

Netware Directory Services (Novell, Netware)

Network Data System

Net Data Throughput

Newfoundland Daylight Time (TZ, NFT)

Non-Destructive Testing

server for accessing CD-ROM books with NDTP NDTPD is a server for accessing CD-ROM books with NDTP (Network Dictionary Transfer Protocol) on TCP. You can replace dserver with NDTPD. NDTPD can run on UNIX derived systems. It supports CD-ROM books of EB, EBG, EBXA, EBXA-C, S-EBXA and EPWING formats. CD-ROM books of those formats are popular in Japan. Since CD-ROM books themselves are stands on the ISO 9660 format, you can mount the discs by the same way as other ISO 9660 discs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Device Utility

Network Element

Nice Editor, an easy-to-use and powerful editor NE is one of the few editors being both easy to use for the beginner and powerful enough for the wizard. It uses short, intuitive and easy to remember key bindings while providing all the features an editor should have. It is fully configurable allowing the user to change the content of the various menus, to easily create small macros and to easily change the existing key bindings while being a small and fast editor. It was written by Sebastiano Vigna and Todd Lewis. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

??? [protocol stack on OSI transport layer]

National Electronic Accounting and Reporting

New England Academic and Research NETwork (USA, network), "NEARnet" From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

New Enhanced Advanced Technology (AT)

Novell Easy Administration Tool (Novell, Netware)

National Electrical Code (USA)

NEC2 Antenna Modelling System The NEC2 (Numerical Electromagnetics Code) is software for modelling antennas using the Method of Moments. It was developed at Lawrence Livermore Laboratories, and remains widely used, despite the old fashioned punched card style input required. This version contains code which hasn't been extensively tested for errors, which was input by hand from a report -- use with care. The numerics are currently only SINGLE PRECISION. User's documentation is provided in HTML format (based on OCR text so beware of potential errors. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Nippon Electronic Corporation (manufacturer)

NASA Extragalactic Database (DB)

A powerful, customizable, Motif based text editor. NEdit is a multi-purpose text editor for the X Window System, which combines a standard, easy to use, graphical user interface with the thorough functionality and stability required by users who edit text eight hours a day. It provides intensive support for development in a wide variety of languages, text processors, and other tools, but at the same time can be used productively by just about anyone who needs to edit text. Users of Macintosh and MS Windows based text editors will find NEdit a familiar and comfortable environment. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Text Editor

Client program for NEdit text editor

New Energy and industrial technology Development Organization (org., Japan)

Network Extensible File System, "NeFS"

National Engineering Information Initiative (org., USA) From VERA [http: //www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Nothing Else Matters (slang, Usenet, IRC)

TCP/IP Packet Injection Suite The Nemesis Project is designed to be a commandline-based, portable human IP stack for UNIX/Linux. The suite is broken down by protocol and should allow for useful scripting of injected packet streams from simple shell scripts. Key features: * support for ARP, DNS, ICMP, IGMP, OSPF, RIP, TCP, UDP protocols * layer 2 or layer 3 injection * packet payload from file From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NeoLinux - Neoware's embedded Linux for information appliances.

Never-Ending Program

format equations for ascii output

NEbraska Research and Education Network (USA, network) From VERA [http:/ /www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

News Electronic Service

NEurocomputer fuer Spikende Neuronale Netze (TUB)

Remote network security auditor, the client The Nessus Security Scanner is a security auditing tool. It makes possible to test security modules in an attempt to find vulnerable spots that should be fixed. It is made up of two parts: a server, and a client. The server/daemon, nessusd, is in charge of the attacks, whereas the client, nessus, provides the user a nice X11/GTK+ interface. This package contains the GTK+ 1.2 client, which exists in other forms and on other platforms, too. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Remote network security auditor, the server The Nessus Security Scanner is a security auditing tool. It makes possible to test security modules in an attempt to find vulnerable spots that should be fixed. It is made up of two parts: a server, and a client. The server/daemon, nessusd, is in charge of the attacks, whereas the client, nessus, provides the user a nice X11/GTK+ interface. This package contains the nessusd server, which must be run as root. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Netware Embedded Systems Technology (Novell, Netware)

Nintendo Entertainment System emulator Nestra is a dynamic recompiler which translates 6502 code into native code to emulate a Nintendo Entertainment System. Execution of the translated code is quite fast, and the emulator can run at full speed with relatively modest CPU requirements. To use this program, you need NES ROMs which are not included. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary /html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html

Network Entity Title

Someone who browses the Internet with no definite destination.

Usermode IP accounting daemon This package logs network traffic. It provides a daemon (nacctd) that logs all traffic passing the machine it runs on (similar to what tcpdump does). Capability is provided to associate traffic to slip/ppp users in case you run a slip/ppp server. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a protocol used fornetwork management. The NET-SNMP project includes various SNMP tools: an extensible agent, an SNMP library, tools for requesting or setting information from SNMP agents, tools for generating and handling SNMP traps, a version of the netstat command which uses SNMP, and a Tk/Perlmib browser. This package contains the snmpd and snmp trapd daemons,documentation, etc. You will probably also want to install the net-snmp-utils package, which contains NET-SNMP utilities. From Redhat 8.0 RPM http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:/ /www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The net-snmp-utils package contains various utilities for use with the NET-SNMP network management project. Install this package if you need utilities for managing your network using the SNMP protocol. You will also need to install the net-snmp package. From Redhat 8.0 RPM [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The NET-3 networking toolkit This package includes the important tools for controlling the network subsystem of the Linux kernel. This includes arp, ifconfig, netstat, rarp, nameif and route. Additionally, this package contains utilities relating to particular network hardware types (plipconfig, slattach) and advanced aspects of IP configuration (iptunnel, ipmaddr). In the upstream package 'hostname' and friends are included. Those are not installed by this package, since there is a special "hostname*.deb". From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

AppleTalk user binaries Netatalk is an implementation of the AppleTalk Protocol Suite for BSD-derived systems. The current release contains support for EtherTalk Phase I and II, DDP, RTMP, NBP, ZIP, AEP, ATP, PAP, ASP, and AFP. This package contains all daemon and utility programs as well as Netatalk's static libraries. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Basic TCP/IP networking system This package provides the necessary infrastructure for basic TCP/IP based networking. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NetBios Enhanced User Interface: an enhanced version of the NetBIOS protocol used by network operating systems such as LAN Manager, LAN Server, Windows 9x and 2000.

NETBIOS Extended User Interface (UI)

In Windows, NetBIOS is a way for writing network-aware applications, much like sockets is for UNIX. Misunderstanding: Like sockets, many different protocols can be used to transport applications written to the NetBIOS API. When you say "NetBIOS", some people will understand you to mean the TCP/IP transport. Other people will think of "NetBEUI", which is the transport over raw Ethernet without any intervening routable network protocol. Use the term "NBT" (NetBIOS-over-TCP) or "NetBEUI" to avoid confusion. Contrast: Microsoft's "File and Print Sharing" uses the SMB protocol over NetBIOS. Microsoft supports the NetBIOS interface over TCP/ IP, NetBEUI, and Novell's IPX/SPX. Home users who share files among their own machines mistakenly enable File and Print Sharing using the TCP/IP transport, allowing hackers anywhere on the Internet access to their machine. Instead, they should configure it over the NetBEUI transport so that nobody outside their network can access their files (note: this still might open up their networks to people on the same cable-modem VLAN). History: Originally developed by SyTek for IBM. It was implemented in the ROM of IBM'ss broadband Ethernet (3-mbps, over cable TV coax rather than normal Ethernet coax, separate send/receive channels). More: If you maintain a firewall, you will see regular NetBIOS requests in your logs. Read the document http://www.robertgraham.com/pubs/ firewall-seen.html#netbios for more info.

NETwork Basic Input Output System (IBM, RFC 1001/1002), "NetBIOS" From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NETwork BLock Transfer (IP)

Booting of a diskless computer This package allows booting of a diskless computer over a network and mounting the root filesystem via NFS. It contains the necessary boot ROM code and utility program to convert a Linux kernel or MS-DOS disk into a net bootable image. For more information: http://www.han.de/~gero/netboot/index.html From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NETBIOS, TCP/IP), "NetBT"

A popular tool for command-line manipulation of ports, especially text-based protocols. Often used as a replacement for Telnet. Key Point: Variants of netcat are a popular way of redirecting shell prompts and other protocols. In the past, this was always done in the clear. Today, there are variants such as aes-netcat or crytcat.exe that will encrypt the channel.

TCP/IP swiss army knife A simple Unix utility which reads and writes data across network connections using TCP or UDP protocol. It is designed to be a reliable "back-end" tool that can be used directly or easily driven by other programs and scripts. At the same time it is a feature-rich network debugging and exploration tool, since it can create almost any kind of connection you would need and has several interesting built-in capabilities. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NETwork Common Data Format, "NetCDF"

An interface for scientific data access. NetCDF (network Common Data Form) is an interface for scientific data access and a freely-distributed software library that provides an implementation of the interface. The netCDF library also defines a machine-independent format for representing scientific data. Together, the interface, library, and format support the creation, access, and sharing of scientific data. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A text-based tool for simple configuration of ethernet devices. From Redhat 8.0 RPM http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NETwork Design and Analysis

Net-Diagnostics (trafshow,strobe,netwatch,statnet,tcpspray,tcpblast) Netdiag contains a collection of small tools to analyze network traffic and configuration of remote hosts (strobe). It is of invaluable help if your system is showing strange network behaviour and you want to find out what your network is doing. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NETwork DUmp data Displayer and Editor for tcpdump trace files It is a GUI-based tool that allows you to make detailed changes to packets in tcpdump trace files, in particular, it can currently do the following: * Set the value of every field in IP, TCP and UDP packet headers. ICMP support will be finished shortly. * Copy, move and delete packets in the trace file. * Fragment and reassemble IP packets. * Netdude constantly communicates with a tcpdump process to update the familiar tcpdump output that corresponds to the trace. This also means that any changes made to your local version of tcpdump are reflected in Netdude. * Plugin architecture: people can easily add plugins for specific tasks. The code comes with a plugin for checksum correction in IP, TCP and UDP, and a dummy plugin. * Through the plugin mechanism, Netdude provides a good facility for writing tcpdump trace file filters. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Configure your system for different network environments. Netenv creates a file containing variable assignments which reflect the current environment. It is especially useful for notebook computers, since it is used (if configured) by the PCMCIA setup scheme included in the Debian pcmcia-cs package and the plip setup script included as an example in this package. You can also use netenv configure your windowmanager or your printing environment. Note that you either have to specify a kernel parameter or enter the chosen environment by hand during boot time. The boot process will stop until you entered something. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Overhead dungeon-crawler game (dummy package) Nethack is a wonderfully silly, yet quite addicting, Dungeons and Dragons-style adventure game. You play the part of a fierce fighter, wizard, or any of many other classes, fighting your way down to retrieve the Amulet of Yendor (try saying THAT one backwards!) for your god. On the way, you might encounter a quantum mechanic or two, or perhaps a microscopic space fleet, or -- if you're REALLY lucky -- the Ravenous Bugblatter Beast of Traal. This package is merely a dummy package that depends on nethack-common and nethack-x11 to facilitate upgrades. You may safely remove it from your system. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/ html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The etiquette of using the Internet. To avoid breaching Netiquette, make sure that you investigate any FAQs or new user sections of newsgroups and do not send irrelevent e-mail.

Internet file transfer program

The Internet Superserver The inetd server is a network daemon program that specializes in managing incoming network connections. It's configuration file tells it what program needs to be run when an incoming connection is received. Any service port may be configured for either of the tcp or udp protcols. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

talk to another user

The ping utility from netkit The ping command sends ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to a host in order to test if the host is reachable via the network. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/ html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

GNOME network LEDs applet NetLeds is a GNOME applet that displays LEDs from a network device. It can display RX, TX, collision and error. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A 32-bit value, similar to a IP address, that determines how a an IP address is separated into subnet address and host address.

helps figure out network masks This is a tiny program handy if you work with firewalls or routers or are a network admin of sorts. It can determine the smallest set of network masks to specify a range of hosts. It can also convert between common IP netmask and address formats. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

3-D Multiplayer Combat Game This is a 3-D multiplayer game for X. You can play by yourself, use computerized players ("bots"), or you can use a TCP/IP network and play against other players. Be sure to read the documentation that will be installed in /usr/share/doc/netmaze/ README.Debian From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

the Network Object agent daemon The Network Objects package provides a simple but powerful facility for remote method invocation in the context of Modula-3. Under Network Objects, all subtypes of the object type NetObj.T are treated specially in that they can be passed to remote address spaces by reference. This remote reference appears at the destination as a surrogate object which is a subtype of the original object type. If the original type has methods, these methods can be remotely invoked through the surrogate. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NETwork Performing Analysis Reporting System

Graphics conversion tools. Netpbm is a toolkit for manipulation of graphic images, including conversion of images between a variety of different formats. There are over 220 separate tools in the package including converters for more than 80 graphics formats. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The netpbm package contains a library of functions that support programs for handling various graphics file formats, including .pbm (portable bitmaps), .pgm (portable graymaps), .pnm (portable anymaps),.ppm (portable pixmaps), and others. From Redhat 8.0 RPM [http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A network performance tool using LAM MPI NetPIPE is a protocol independent performance tool that encapsulates the best of ttcp and netperf and visually represents the network performance under a variety of conditions. By taking the end-to-end application view of a network, NetPIPE clearly shows the overhead associated with different protocol layers. NetPIPE answers such questions as: how soon will a given data block of size k arrive at its destination? Which network and protocol will transmit size k blocks the fastest? What is a given network's effective maximum throughput and saturation level? Does there exist a block size k for which the throughput is maximized? How much communication overhead is due to the network communication protocol layer (s)? How quickly will a small (< 1 kbyte) control message arrive, and which network and protocol are best for this purpose? This package measures network performance using the MPI protocol, a Message Passing Interface frequently used in parallel processing, and which uses in turn TCP as its underlying transport. The implementation of the MPI standard used by this package is that provided by the lam set of packages. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A network performance tool using MPICH MPI NetPIPE is a protocol independent performance tool that encapsulates the best of ttcp and netperf and visually represents the network performance under a variety of conditions. By taking the end-to-end application view of a network, NetPIPE clearly shows the overhead associated with different protocol layers. NetPIPE answers such questions as: how soon will a given data block of size k arrive at its destination? Which network and protocol will transmit size k blocks the fastest? What is a given network's effective maximum throughput and saturation level? Does there exist a block size k for which the throughput is maximized? How much communication overhead is due to the network communication protocol layer (s)? How quickly will a small (< 1 kbyte) control message arrive, and which network and protocol are best for this purpose? This package measures network performance using the MPI protocol, a Message Passing Interface frequently used in parallel processing, and which uses in turn TCP as its underlying transport. The implementation of the MPI standard used by this package is that provided by the mpich package. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A network performance tool using PVM NetPIPE is a protocol independent performance tool that encapsulates the best of ttcp and netperf and visually represents the network performance under a variety of conditions. By taking the end-to-end application view of a network, NetPIPE clearly shows the overhead associated with different protocol layers. NetPIPE answers such questions as: how soon will a given data block of size k arrive at its destination? Which network and protocol will transmit size k blocks the fastest? What is a given network's effective maximum throughput and saturation level? Does there exist a block size k for which the throughput is maximized? How much communication overhead is due to the network communication protocol layer (s)? How quickly will a small (< 1 kbyte) control message arrive, and which network and protocol are best for this purpose? This package measures network performance using the PVM protocol, a Parallel Virtual Machine interface frequently used in parallel processing, and which uses in turn TCP as its underlying transport. PVM support is provided in its own separate pvm package on Debian systems. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:/ /www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A network performance tool using the TCP protocol NetPIPE is a protocol independent performance tool that encapsulates the best of ttcp and netperf and visually represents the network performance under a variety of conditions. By taking the end-to-end application view of a network, NetPIPE clearly shows the overhead associated with different protocol layers. NetPIPE answers such questions as: how soon will a given data block of size k arrive at its destination? Which network and protocol will transmit size k blocks the fastest? What is a given network's effective maximum throughput and saturation level? Does there exist a block size k for which the throughput is maximized? How much communication overhead is due to the network communication protocol layer (s)? How quickly will a small (< 1 kbyte) control message arrive, and which network and protocol are best for this purpose? This package uses a raw TCP protocol to measure network performance. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network server for `plan' Plan is a schedule planner based on X/Motif. Netplan adds to plan multiuser capability using an IP server. WARNING: the best level of authentication offered by netplan in this version is identd. That's quite weak, so watch the manpage and tune the config carefully. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A free, networked version of T*tris Netris is a free, networked variant of Tetris. One-player mode is a tad boring at the moment, because it never gets any faster, and there's no scoring. This will be rectified at some point. Two players can play against each other. If you fill two or three lines with one piece, your opponent gets respectively one or two unfilled lines at the bottom of his screen. If you fill four lines with one piece, your opponent will get four unfilled lines. This version at least partially supports robots. You can find the protocol description in the documentation, and a sample robot in the examples. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A host/service/network monitoring and management system. NetSaint is a host/service/network monitoring and management system. It has the following features: o Monitoring of network services (via TCP port, SMTP, POP3, HTTP, NNTP, PING, etc.) o Plugin interface to allow for user-developed service checks o Contact notifications when problems occur and get resolved (via email, pager, or user-defined method) o Ability to define event handlers to be run during service or host events (for proactive problem resolution) o Web output (current status, notifications, problem history, log file, etc.) NetSaint was written in C and is designed to be easy to understand and modify to fit your own needs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/ html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A WWW Browser and the name of a company. The Netscape (tm) browser was originally based on the Mosaic program developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA).

Popular World-Wide-Web browser software (base support) Netscape (pronounced "Mozilla") is a graphical World-Wide-Web browser with many features. It supports advanced features of HTML and new technologies such as "Java" from Sun Microsystems. You will need the "ImageMagick" package installed if you wish to get in-line support of image types not directly supported by netscape. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A commercial GUI World-Wide-Web browser for X-Windows, MS-Windows and Macintosh, available from Netscape Communications.

The network packet altering stream editor NetSED is small and handful utility designed to alter the contents of packets forwarded thru your network in real time. It is really useful for network hackers in following applications: * black-box protocol auditing - whenever there are two or more proprietary boxes communicating over undocumented protocol (by enforcing changes in ongoing transmissions, you will be able to test if tested application is secure), * fuzz-alike experiments, integrity tests - whenever you want to test stability of the application and see how it ensures data integrity, * other common applications - fooling other people, content filtering, etc etc - choose whatever you want to. It perfectly fits ngrep, netcat and tcpdump tools suite. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Choose the fastest server automatically. This is netselect, an ultrafast intelligent parallelizing binary-search implementation of "ping." You give it a (possibly very long) list of servers, and it chooses the fastest/closest one automatically. It's good for finding the fastest ftp.debian.org mirror, the least laggy IRC server, or the best Squid neighbour. This version also includes netselect-apt, which creates an apt sources.list file automatically from the huge list of Debian mirrors. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Netserva Dlite is a small 20mb downloadable Debian based distribution that comes with a basic set of pre-configured ISP-related services such as virtual web hosting, email and RADIUS. All client authentication is via MySQL so normal user shell accounts are not required. The system, in theory, could scale to supporting millions of users. The latest update was on February 2, 2002.

Slang console based client for the NetSpades spades game. This is a console/slang based client for Netspades, you will require a client To be able to play netspades. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

National Electronic Telecommunication Surveillance System (USA) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships

NetStation is a Linux distribution for diskless thin client terminals using standard x86 hardware. It can boot from network using Etherboot and connect to an application server using VNC, RDP, X11 or SSH. The initial release, NetStation 0.1 (alpha), is dated August 28, 2001. Development version 0.8.2 was released June 6, 2002. From LWN Distribution List http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Networked version of Tic Tac Toe for the console NetToe is a console-based version of the classic game "Tic Tac Toe". It's playable against computer AI, a player on the same machine or with another player over the network. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Netule has created three new Linux distributions, which are now available for download. The EM-I or Email Module I is a full featured Email Server based on Sendmail; the WM-I or Web Module I is a vastly simplified Web Server based on Apache; and the FM-I or Firewall Module I is released in partnership with Astaro Security Linux. Netule products are a combination of open and closed source and are available bundled with hardware.

A group of computers that are connected in some fashion. Most school networks are known as LANs, or Local Area Networks, because they are networks linking computers in one small area. The Internet could be referred to as a WAN, or a Wide Area Network, because it connects computers in more than one local area. It is also a series of points connected by physical or virtual connects.

A group of interconnected computers and their connecting cables and hardware.

Any time you connect 2 or more computers together so that they can share resources, you have a computer network. Connect 2 or more networks together and you have an internet.

Networking method in which internal network hosts, which use private IP addresses access public (Internet) hosts through a gateway that tags packets for routing.

See network interface card (NIC).

A protocol used to access files over a network regardless of machine, operating system, or architecture.

Client-server protocol that tracks, manages, and authenticates users and host names on a network.

An adapter that lets you connect a network cable to a microcomputer. The card includes encoding and decoding circuitry and a receptacle for a network cable connection. Because data is transmitted more rapidly within the computer's internal bus, a network interface card allows the network to operate at higher speeds than it would if delayed by the serial port. Networks such as Ethernet and ARCnet that use interface cards can transmit information much faster than networks such as AppleTalk which uses serial ports.

A hardware component that initiates and manages network connections.

An administrative and technical coordination office that is responsible for the day-to-day operation of a local, regional, or national Internet backbone see service.

The method used to regulate a workstation's access to a computer network to prevent data collision. Examples include carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) and token passing. From QUECID [http:/ /www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Add new CORBA object

update /etc/aliases database

/n[y]oo'bee/ n. [very common; orig. from British public-school and military slang variant of new boy'] A Usenet neophyte. This term surfaced in the newsgroup talk.bizarre but is now in wide use (the combination "clueless newbie" is especially common). Criteria for being considered a newbie vary wildly; a person can be called a newbie in one newsgroup while remaining a respected regular in another. The label newbie' is sometimes applied as a serious insult to a person who has been around Usenet for a long time but who carefully hides all evidence of having a clue. See B1FF; see also gnubie. From Jargon Dictionary http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Documentation by and for newbies This is a snapshot of the documentation currently being developed by The Newbiedoc Project. See http:// newbiedoc.sourceforge.net for the most recent version, or if you want to join the team. Current release includes: - Introduction to 'apt-get' - DocBook guides and documentation for writing doc for Newbiedoc - Using 'grep' - Installing and configuring hardware - Finding help on a Debian system - Text editors: JOE and vi - Compiling kernels the Debian way - Managing processes - Using runlevels - Configuring exim The documentation will be installed in /usr/share/doc/newbiedoc, and newbiedoc(1) is a script that starts a browser on the newbiedoc collection. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

compare file modification times

Change group ID

/n[y]oo'li:n/ n. 1. [techspeak, primarily Unix] The ASCII LF character (0001010), used under Unix as a text line terminator. Though the term `newline' appears in ASCII standards, it never caught on in the general computing world before Unix. 2. More generally, any magic character, character sequence, or operation (like Pascal's writeln procedure) required to terminate a text record or separate lines. See crlf, terpri.

Netware Early Warning System (Novell, Netware)

Networked Extensible Windowing System (Sun), "NeWS"

Contains information about new features and changes for the layman about this package.

Create HTML with dynamic information from the net NewsClipper is an information integrator. It creates a custom web page from a template HTML file with special tags, replacing those tags with dynamic information acquired from the internet. It was previously known as DailyUpdate. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Get news with the newnews command from a server The Newsflash program retrieves news articles via NNTP from one server and delivers them to another. It requires at least read-only permissions on the remote server, and needs to have peer permissions on the local server. It works well with INN, but should also work with any other RFC977 compliant news software. Newsflash's highly parallel design is optimized for throughput, which makes quite a difference to INN's nntpget and the like. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A newsgroup is a notice board that everyone in the world can see. There are tens of thousands of newsgroups and each group is unique in the world. The client software you use to read a newsgroup is called a news reader (or news client). rtin is a popular text mode reader, while netscape is graphical. pan is an excellent graphical news reader that I use. Newsgroups are named like Internet hosts. One you might be interested in is comp.os.linux.announce. The comp is the broadest subject description for computers; os stands for operating systems; and so on. Many other linux newsgroups are devoted to various LINUX issues. Newsgroups servers are big hungry beasts. They form a tree-like structure on the Internet. When you send mail to a newsgroup it takes about a day or so for the mail you sent to propagate to every other server in the world. Likewise, you can see a list of all the messages posted to each newsgroup by anyone anywhere. What's the difference between a newsgroup and a mailing list? The advantage of a newsgroup is that you don't have to download the messages you are not interested in. If you are on a mailing list, you get all the mail sent to the list. With a newsgroup you can look at the message list and retrieve only the messages you are interested in. Why not just put the mailing list on a web page? If you did, then everyone in the world would have to go over international links to get to the web page. It would load the server in proportion to the number of subscribers. This is exactly what SlashDot is. However, your newsgroup server is local, so you retrieve mail over a faster link and save Internet traffic.

These are the bulletin boards of the Internet. There are around 20,000 groups covering every subject under the sun. Most IAPs have a newsgroup server which periodically takes all new messages from a newsgroup feed and adds the messages which have been posted by its own users. To access the newsgroups stored on your IAPs newsgroup server you need a newsreader program. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Usenet binary autoposter Using newspost, it is a one command job to uuencode and post as many binary files as you like to your favorite newsgroup. It supports all the features you'd expect from a binary autoposter, including authentication, posting to multiple newsgroups (crossposting), and all the rest. And of course you can save your settings as default so you don't have to type in your news server every time. In addition, I added a couple cool things, like posting text prefixes, and autocreating and posting sfv files. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A program for reading, downloading, and replying to the newsgroup messages you want. See also USENET.

An NNTP client for posting and fetching news NewsX is an NNTP client for Unix. It will connect to a remote NNTP server and post outgoing articles batched by the news system, as well as fetch incoming articles. It provides the NNTP capabilities required for small local news spools on installations with NNTP access only through limited ISP accounts. It works well via a dialup SLIP/PPP connection. It seems to be faster than using suck over a modem link. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NeWS Terminal, "NeWT"

Newt is a programming library for color text mode, widget-based user interfaces. Newt can be used to add stacked windows, entry widgets, checkboxes, radio buttons, labels, plain text fields, scrollbars, etc., to text mode user interfaces. This package also contains the shared library needed by programs built with newt, as well as a/usr/bin/dialog replacement called whiptail. Newt is based on the slang library. From Redhat 8.0 RPM http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

update and create new users in batch

text editors

NEw eXtended Technology, "NeXT"

Name Field Address (Forth)

Non-determistic Finite-state Automation

National Federation of Abstracting and Information Services (org., USA)

Non Facilities-Associated Signaling (ISDN, PRI)

Near Field Recording [technology]

Network Facilities Services

Network File System (Sun, Unix, RFC 1813)

NFS is the UNIX equivalent of SMB. It is a way through which different machines can import and export local files between each other. Like SMB though, NFS sends information including user passwords unencrypted, so it's best to limit its usage to within your local network. The Network File System (NFS) was developed to allow machines to mount a disk partition on a remote machine as if it were on a local hard drive. This allows for fast, seamless sharing of files across a network. It also gives the potential for unwanted people to access your hard drive over the network (and thereby possibly read your email and delete all your files as well as break into your system) if you set it up incorrectly. So please read the Security section of this document carefully if you intend to implement an NFS setup. There are other systems that provide similar functionality to NFS. Samba (http://www.samba.org) provides file services to Windows clients. The Andrew File System from IBM (http:// www.transarc.com/Product/EFS/AFS/index.html), recently open-sourced, provides a file sharing mechanism with some additional security and performance features. The Coda File System (http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/) is still in development as of this writing but is designed to work well with disconnected clients. Many of the features of the Andrew and Coda file systems are slated for inclusion in the next version of NFS (Version 4) (http://www.nfsv4.org). The advantage of NFS today is that it is mature, standard, well understood, and supported robustly across a variety of platforms.

see network file system (NFS).

NFS support files common to client and server Use this package on any machine that does NFS either as client or server. Programs included: lockd, statd, showmount, and nfsstat. Upstream: SourceForge project "nfs", CVS module nfs-utils. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Kernel NFS server support Use this package if you have a fairly recent kernel (2.2.13 or better) and you want to use the kernel-mode NFS server. The user-mode NFS server in the "nfs-server" package is slower but more featureful and easier to debug than the kernel-mode server. Upstream: SourceForge project "nfs", CVS module nfs-utils. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

User space NFS server. This package contains all necessary programs to make your Linux machine act as an NFS server, being an NFS daemon (rpc.nfsd), a mount daemon (rpc.mountd). Unlike other NFS daemons, this NFS server runs entirely in user space. This makes it a tad slower than other NFS implementations, and also introduces some awkwardnesses in the semantics (for instance, moving a file to a different directory will render its file handle invalid). From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The nfs-utils package provides a daemon for the kernel NFS server and related tools, which provides a much higher level of performance than the traditional Linux NFS server used by most users.This package also contains the showmount program. Showmount queries the mount daemon on a remote host for information about the NFS (Network File System) server on the remote host. For example, showmount can display the clients which are mounted on that host. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The nfs-utils package provides a daemon for the kernel NFS server andrelated tools, which provides a much higher level of performance than thetraditional Linux NFS server used by most users.This package also contains the showmount program. Showmount queries themount daemon on a remote host for information about the NFS (Network FileSystem) server on the remote host. For example, showmount can display theclients which are mounted on that host. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Allow clients to boot over the network. This package help you to set up your host to allow clients to boot over nfs. This package should be installed on the server so that the clients can connect to it. The package contains no server itself, but recommends all packages that you will need in order to make nfsrooted clients to work. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Prepares your image for nfs boot. This package sets up your debian image to be booted from a nfs server. There are a couple of things that are needed to do this so that the different hosts do not conflict with each other. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/ html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Netware File Service Protocol (Novell, Netware)

print NFS statistics

Network File Transfer (DNA, DEC)

NewFoundland Time [-0330] (TZ, NDT)

Ng is Nihongo Mg, MicroGnuEmacs. It is a small lightweight Emacs-like editor. It can handle both Latin and CJK. This package contains documents and a wrapper script. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

New Generation Desktop Design (Mitsubishi)

Not-Greater-or-Equal

auto-resuming command line nntp file grabber nget is a command line NNTP file grabber. It automatically pieces together multipart postings for easy retrieval, even substituting parts from multiple servers. It handles disconnects gracefully, resuming after the last part successfully downloaded. nget also caches header data for quick access. Home Page: http://www.azstarnet.com/~donut/programs/nget.html From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

print out string using translation with singular/plural From whatis http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

translate message and choose plural form

Nederlands Genootschap for Informatica (org., Netherlands) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Next Generation Input / Output (I/O)

grep for network traffic ngrep strives to provide most of GNU grep's common features, applying them to the network layer. ngrep is a pcap-aware tool that will allow you to specify extended regular expressions to match against data payloads of packets. It currently recognizes TCP, UDP and ICMP across Ethernet, PPP, SLIP and null interfaces, and understands bpf filter logic in the same fashion as more common packet sniffing tools, such as tcpdump and snoop. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Non-Government Standard (USA)

The NGS JavaScript interpreter js is an LGPL implementation of JavaScript/ECMAScript for use as a standalone scripting language. It is written from scratch instead of being a child of the Mozilla offering. It is currently under development, and has had nowhere near as much testing as other scripting languages (Perl comes to mind...). Please be forewarned. More information is available at js' homepage, http:// www.bbassett.net/njs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Non-Government Standards Body

NFS benchmark program. Upstream: SourceForge project "nfs", CVS module nfs-utils. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

[NBMA] Next Hop Resolution Protocol (X.25, ATM, NBMA, IETF) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

National HPCC Software Exchange (USA)

Network Interconnect / Interface

Normenausschuss Informationsverarbeitungssysteme (org., DIN) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Information Access

Netware Internet Access Server (Novell, Netware)

An acronym for Network Interface Card or for Network Information Center, such as the Internic.

Network Information Center (Internet, org.)

Network Interface Card / Controller

Numeric Intensive Computing

see network interface card (NIC).

Generally, any office that handles information for a network. The most famous of these on the Internet was the InterNIC, which was where most new domain names were registered until that process was decentralized to a number of private companies. Also means "Network Interface card", which is the card in a computer that you plug a network cable into. From Matisse http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:/ /www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A system that contains a repository of Internet-related information, including File Transfer Protocol (FTP) archives of Requests for Comments (RFCs), Internet Drafts, For Your Information (FYI) papers, and other documents, including handbooks on the use of the Internet. There are numerous Network Information Centers, but the official repository of network information is the Defense Data Network NIC (DDN NIC). See InterNIC

The New Internet Computer (NIC) project provides an inexpensive computer, starting at $199.99, for homes, schools and other places where cost is an issue. It supports popular plug-ins like Real Player, Java and Macromedia Flash Player, so it's just as Internet-capable. News.com reports that the New Internet Computer Co. is shutting down, June 2, 2003.

Near-Instantaneously Companded Audio Multiplex (audio) From VERA [http:/ /www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NIckel CaDmium [batterie], "NiCd"

Network Information and Control Exchange (DECNET)

Unix processes have an associated system nice value which is used by the kernel to determine when it should be scheduled to run. This value can be increased to facilitate processes executing quickly or decreased so that the processes execute slowly and thus do not interfere with other system activities.

Network Information Center On-Line

Network Information Center On-Line Aid System

Diagnostic tools for many non-PCI ethernet cards These are tools to diagnostic problems with your non-PCI ethernet cards. Some card can be set up or EEPROM can be updated. 3c515-diag : Diagnostic program for 3Com 3c515 Ethernet cards 3c5x9setup : Setup program for 3Com EtherLink III Ethernet cards at1700-diag : Diagnostic program for the Allied Telesis AT1700 atlantic-setup: Setup program for AT/LANTIC DP83905 Ethernet cards atp-diag : Diagnostic for Realtek RTL8002/RTL8012 pocket Ethernet adapter eexpress : Diagnostic program for Intel EtherExpress 16 cards el3diag : Diagnostic program for 3c509 and 3c579 Ethernet cards e21-diag : Diagnostic program for Cabletron E2100 Ethernet cards hp+-diag : Diagnostic program for HP PC LAN+ (27247B & 27252A) cards ne2k-diag : Diagnostics and EEPROM setup for NE2000 clones wdsetup : Configuration utility for Western Digital and SMC Ethernet cards This package replaces the old 3c5x9utils and wdsetup packages. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Diagnostic tools for many PCI ethernet cards These tools can help you to diagnostic problems with your ethernet cards or - in some cases - give those cards the final hint, to work in your network. alta-diag : Diagnostic and setup for the Sundance "Alta" NIC eepro100-diag : Diagnostic and setup for the Intel EEPro100 Ethercards epic-diag : Diagnostics and EEPROM setup for the SMC EPIC-100 myson-diag : Diagnostic and setup for the Myson mtd803 Ethernet chip natsemi-diag : Diagnostic and setup for the NatSemi DP83815 Ethernet chip ne2k-pci-diag : Diagnostics and EEPROM setup for PCI NE2000 clones ns820-diag : Diagnostic and setup for the NatSemi DP83820 Ethernet chip pcnet-diag : Diagnostic and setup for the AMD PCnet/PCI Ethernet chip rtl8139-diag : Diagnostics and EEPROM setup for RealTek RTL8129/8139 chips starfire-diag : Diagnostic and setup for the Adaptec Starfire DuraLAN tulip-diag : Diagnostic and setup for the Digital DC21x4* Ethercards chips via-diag : Diagnostic and setup for the VIA Rhine vt86c100 and vt3043 Ethernet chips vortex-diag : Diagnostics and EEPROM setup for the 3Com Vortex series winbond-diag : Diagnostic and setup for the Winbond w89c840 ethercards yellowfin-diag: Diagnostic and setup for the Packet Engines Yellowfin chips From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/ html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Namespace IDentifier (URN)

NIxdorf Disk Operating System (OS, SNI)

Network Information Discover and Retrieval

Network Intrusion Detection eXpert system (BELLCORE, XPS) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Newton Internet Enabler (Apple, PDA)

Network Independent File Transfer Program (FTP)

An improved version of Paradroid - a strategic shoot-em up. You are a droid out to save the universe. To do this, you must do more than simply blasting everything in sight - you have to transfer to better droids in order to conquer more advanced droids, and go through walls to reach parts other droids cannot reach. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

National Institute of Health [c++] Class Library (PD)

National Information Infrastructure [program] (USA, org.) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The official U.S. government name for the Internet and other computer networks. Commonly known as the Information Superhighway, please see at http://www.benton.org

National Information Infrastructure Testbed (ISH, USA) From VERA [http:/ /www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NIckel Metal Hybrid [batterie], "NiMH"

National Institute for Management Technology (org., Irland) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Paths Survey reporting program This package installs Olaf Titz's version of inpaths. When configured ninpaths will send montly email reports about articles you received. This program is only useful to news administrators of medium-big sites and should NOT be installed by dialup users. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

[international symposium on] New Information Processing Technologies (conference, MITI)

Network Information Registry / Retrieval

Clients and daemons for the Network Information Services (NIS). The nis package allows you to use the NIS services from a NIS server or to set up your own NIS server. NIS is mostly used to let several machines in a network share the same account information (eg the password file). NIS was formerly called Yellow Pages (YP). From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Information Service (NSF)

Network Information Service, a service that provides information, that has to be known throughout the network, to all machines on the network. There is support for NIS in Linux's standard libc library, which in the following text is referred to as "traditional NIS". From NIS HOWTO [http: //www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Information System (Unix)

see network information service (NIS).

essentially NIS on steroids. NIS+ is designed by Sun Microsystems Inc. as a replacement for NIS with better security and better handling of large installations.

Network Information and Support Center

Narrowband Integrated-Services Digital Network (ISDN), "N-ISDN" From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Information Services Infrastructure

National Information Standards Organization (org., USA) From VERA [http: //www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

National Information on Software and Services (USA)

NISS Public Access Collections (NISS)

National Institute of Standards and Technology (org., USA) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Information System / Yellow Pages, "NIS/yp"

National Imagery Transmission Format

Norway-net with IT for Open Learning (network)

Simulator for the Microchip PIC16C84 microcontroller Nitpic is a X-based simulator for the Microchip PIC family of microcontrollers. It currently supports only the PIC16C84. This is beta software. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Independent Transport Service

Network Interface Unit

North american ISDN Users (USA, ISDN)

North american ISDN Users Forum (USA, user group, ISDN) From VERA [http: //www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Not Just Another Malloc Debugger NJAMD protects against all common dynamic memory bugs, including overflow, underflow, writes to freed memory, and memory leaks, all without recompiling or even relinking your executable. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Nordic Journal of Computing (Finland)

Network Job Entry (BITNET, RSCS)

Network Job Entry

[Biology] A tree drawing program NJplot is able to draw any binary tree expressed in the standard phylogenetic tree format (e.g., the format used by the Phylip package). NJplot is especially convenient for rooting the unrooted trees obtained from parsimony, distance or maximum likelihood tree-building methods. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Neumann Janos SZamitogep-tudomanyi Tarsasag (org., Ungarn) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Kanji code conversion Filter Nkf is a yet another kanji code converter among networks, hosts and terminals. It converts input kanji code to designated kanji code such as 7-bit JIS, MS-kanji (shifted-JIS) or EUC. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/ html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Knowledge Server

Non-Kernel Security Related (Unix)

Network Layer (ISO, OSI)

New Line (ASCII)

Number Lines (Unix)

number lines of files

Network Load Balancing (MS, Windows)

Network Logical Data Manager (IBM)

Not-Less-or-Equal

Netware Loadable Module (Novell, Netware)

A realtime network usage monitor. Nload is a console application which monitors network traffic and bandwidth usage in real time. It displays the total amount of data that has been transfered over a network device since the last reboot, the current bandwidth usage, and the minimum, maximum, and average bandwidth usage measured since it started. If the user wants, it is also able to display two bars, similar to progress bars, presenting the current load graphically. Support for displaying several devices simultaneously is included. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:/ /www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Natural Language Processing

Non-Linear Programming

Normal Link Pulse (ethernet, LAN)

Network Layer Protocol IDentifier (ATM, OSI)

Near Letter Quality

Network Layer Reachability Information

Native Language Support (HP)

Native Language System (OSF)

Network License Server

Netware Link Services Protocol (Novell, Netware, IPX)

Network Layer Security Protocol (ISO, IEC, ISO/IEC 11557) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

National Language Version (IBM, OS/2, ...)

list symbols

Native Mode (PARISC, CM)

Network Management

Network Management Architecture (SNA)

National Multimedia Association of America (org., USA) From VERA [http:/ /www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Nmap is a utility for network exploration or security auditing. It supports ping scanning (determine which hosts are up), many portscanning techniques (determine what services the hosts are offering), and TCP/IP fingerprinting (remote host operating system identification). Nmap also offers flexible target and port specification, decoy scanning, determination of TCP sequence predictability characteristics, reverse-identd scanning, and more. From Redhat 8.0 RPM [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The Network Mapper nmap is a utility for port scanning large networks, although it works fine for single hosts. The guiding philosophy for the creation of nmap was TMTOWTDI (There's More Than One Way To Do It). This is the Perl slogan, but it is equally applicable to scanners. Sometimes you need speed, other times you may need stealth. In some cases, bypassing firewalls may be required. Not to mention the fact that you may want to scan different protocols (UDP, TCP, ICMP, etc.). You just can't do all this with one scanning mode. And you don't want to have 10 different scanners around, all with different interfaces. Thus I incorporated virtually every scanning technique I know into nmap. Specifically, nmap supports: Vanilla TCP connect() scanning, TCP SYN (half open) scanning, TCP FIN (stealth) scanning, TCP ftp proxy (bounce attack) scanning SYN/FIN scanning using IP fragments (bypasses packet filters), UDP recvfrom() scanning, UDP raw ICMP port unreachable scanning, ICMP scanning (ping-sweep), and Reverse-ident scanning. nmap also supports a number of performance and reliability features such as dynamic delay time calculations, packet timeout and retransmission, parallel port scanning, detection of down hosts via parallel pings, and flexible target and port specification. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The Network Mapper Front End nmapfe provides an X Window System (GTK+) front end for nmap. Written by Zach Smith, nmapfe is now maintained by Fyodor. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/ html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NetBIOS name server to provide NetBIOS over IP naming services to clients

NetBIOS over TCP/IP client used to lookup NetBIOS names From whatis http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Management Center

Network Management Communication Protocol

National Military Command System (mil., USA)

National Marine Electronics Association [protocol] (org., USA, GPS) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Management Forum

A set of electronic mail handling programs. This is the nmh mail user agent (reader/sender), a command line based mail reader that is powerful and extensible. nmh is an excellent choice for people who receive and process a lot of mail. Unlike most mail user agents, nmh is not a single program, rather it is a set of programs that are run from the shell. This allows the user to utilize the full power of the Unix shell in coordination with nmh. Various front-ends are available, such as mh-e (an emacs mode), xmh, and exmh (X11 clients). nmh was originally based on MH version 6.8.3, and is intended to be a (mostly) compatible drop-in replacement for MH. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

/N-M-I/ n. Non-Maskable Interrupt. An IRQ 7 on the PDP-11 or 680[01234] 0; the NMI line on an 80[1234]86. In contrast with a priority interrupt (which might be ignored, although that is unlikely), an NMI is never ignored. Except, that is, on clone boxes, where NMI is often ignored on the motherboard because flaky hardware can generate many spurious ones.

Non-Maskable Interrupt

National Media Laboratory (org., USA)

Natural Mapping Language (XPP, MPP)

Network Management Layer (TMN)

Negative-channel Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (IC)

Network MODEM Program

Network Management Productivity Facility (IBM)

Netscape/Mozilla Public License (Netscape), "N/MPL"

Network Management Station / System (Novell, Netware)

Network Monitoring Station

New Mexico State University (org.)

Nordic Mobile Telephone (mobile-systems)

Non-Maintainer Upload (Linux, Debian)

Network Management Vector Transport

Heavy-duty USENET news reader (curses-based client) The motto of nn is its expanded name, which is "No News is good news, but nn is better", and the nn newsreader is designed to let you minimize the amount of time you spend reading news (or, more realistically, to allow you to follow even more newsgroups :-). Nn allows you to quickly select articles of interest and skip the rest. It also supports efficient article killing and selection of articles by author and subject. This version of nn reads news from a news server via NNTP (the Network News Transfer Protocol), and can make use of your NNTP server's NOV database, if configured. You must have a news server available - large sites usually provide a site-wide server. (For those familiar with 'nn', this is a client-only version.) From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary /html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html

Neural Network (NN)

Network Node Interface (ATM)

Network to Network Interface

Netware Named Services (Novel, Netware)

NSF Network Service Center (org., NSF)

A NNTP server for use with C News. This package enables the a C News server to exchange News over the Internet using the NNTP protocol. It allows remote reading over NNTP. The nntpd server is run from inetd saving resources. Included are nntpd and the programs needed to transmit news using nntp (nntpxmit, nntpsend). From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Acronym for Network News Transfor Protocol, a system for reading and writing Usenet News articles across a network, this service is defined by RFC number 977.

Network News Transfer Protocol (Internet, RFC 977, Usenet) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

In Usenet, the standard that governs the distribution of UseNet newsgroups via the Internet. See NNTP server.

The protocol used by clientand server software to carry USENET postings back and forth over a TCP/IP network. If you are using any of the more common software such as Netscape, Nuntius, Internet Explorer, etc. to participate in newsgroups then you are benefiting from an NNTP connection.

Network News Transfer Protocol - Secured ??? (NNTP, Internet, Usenet)

Network Numbering eXchange

Net On Air (Internet)

Most commonly seen as a suffix to binary packages (such as RPM packages) to be installed on a Linux system. It simply means that the package can be installed on any architecture, whether that may be x86, Sparc or Alpha based systems.

Media player (for video and audio) Media player (for video and audio) for KDE From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/ html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

plugins for Noatun, the KDE media player This package contains a variety of useful plugins for Noatun, the audio and video media player for KDE. The plugins can be loaded through the plugin manager in Noatun settings. Highlights include an alarm clock, guessing tags from filenames and a number of scopes ranging from visually entrancing to "weird and annoying". This package is part of the KDE addons module. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Operations Center

If set, bash does not overwrite an existing file with the >, >&, and <> redirection operators. This variable may be overridden when creating output files by using the redirection operator >| instead of > (see also the -C option to the set builtin command).

Network Operations Center System

Amateur Packet Radio Node program The node program accepts TCP/IP and packet radio network connections and presents users with an interface that allows them to make gateway connections to remote hosts using a variety of amateur radio protocols. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Any single computer connected to a network.

find definitions in noweb file

NSSDC Online Data and Information Service (NSSDC)

offline news server NOFFLE is a news server optimized for low speed dialup connection to the Internet and few users. It allows reading news offline with many news reader programs, even if they do not support offline reading by themselves. It does for NNTP what wwwoffle does for HTTP. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/ html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

allow idle hard disks to spin down Noflushd is a daemon that spins down disks that have not been read from after a certain amount of time, and then prevents disk writes from spinning them back up. It's targeted for laptops but can be used on any computer with IDE disks. The effect is that the hard disk actually spins down, saving you battery power, and shutting off the loudest component of most computers. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty From whatis http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Node Operator Interface

build external index for noweb document

If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when executing commands that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, bash follows the logical chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory, such as cd. See also the description of the -P option to the set builtin ( SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).

National Online Media Association (org., USA)

The web site says NoMad Linux 2.0 is on the way. There are no dates, though, so this could be historical. NoMad is based on the encap package managing system for ease of installation and upgrades. NoMad's main purpose is to keep it's creators happy and give them something to do in their free time. More and more, they see NoMad as a distribution for the scientists/engineers/geeks that know what they want and don't want anything else.

In communications, a nonce is a specific value inserted into the message in order to defend against replay attacks. A nonce is usually random.

Thai (and other) Keyboard swithcher using XKB nonlock is a keyboard switcher using xkb, for Thai or other language user. It is designed for WindowMaker but can be used with other window manager. Under WindowMaker, it is a dockable application. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Operations Report GENerator

NO Remote Memory Access (OSF/1, Multi-Server)

adjust the volume of WAV files to a standard volume level normalize is a tool for adjusting the volume of WAV files to a standard volume level. This is useful for things like creating mix CDs and mp3 databases, where different recording levels on different albums can cause the volume to vary greatly from song to song. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

format woven troff documentation

print roots of a noweb file

Network Operating System

The system software of a local area network (LAN) that integrates the network's hardware components, usually adequate for connecting up to 50 workstions. Included, typically, are such features as a menu-driven administration interface, tape backup of file-server software, security restrictions, facilities for sharing printers, central storage of application programs and databases, remote log-in via modem, and support for discuss workstations. A network operating system establishes and maintains the connetion between the workstations and the file server; the physical connections alone aren't sufficient to support networking. The operating system consists of two parts: the file server software and workstation software. See LAN memory management program, and NetWare.

Netlabs Open Source Archive

Netlabs Open Source Archive Client (NOSA)

a Relational Database Management System for Unix. NoSQL is a fast, portable, relational database management system without arbitrary limits, (other than memory and processor speed) that runs under, and interacts with, the UNIX Operating System. It uses the Operator/Stream DBMS paradigm described in "Unix Review", March, 1991, page 24, entitled "A 4GL Language". There are a number of "operators" that each perform a unique function on the data. The "stream" is supplied by the UNIX Input/ Output redirection mechanism. Therefore each operator processes some data and then passes it along to the next operator via the UNIX pipe function. This is very efficient as UNIX pipes are implemented in memory. NoSQL is compliant with the "Relational Model". *NOTE*: This is a new, re-designed, more performant upstream release which is no longer command-line compatible with NoSQL V2. The commands are now in /usr/lib/ nosql3 in order to not clutter up /usr/bin. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:/ /www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

noweb, a literate-programming tool

small program managing notes from commandline This is a small console program similar to knotes, which allows you to manage notes from commandline. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

If set, bash reports terminated background jobs immediately, rather than waiting until before printing the next primary prompt (see also the -b option to the set builtin command).

A program to notify the user when other one logs in Notifyme is a GPL'ed Unix (tested under Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD) console utility that stays in a background (it isn't a daemon but it doesn't block terminal) and prints a message if a specified login and/or logout occurs. In a resource file ($HOME/notify.rc by default) you can specify (extended regular expressions are allowed) usernames, hostnames and terminals that should be monitored, optional messages that will be displayed and other options (beep, report logouts etc.) See notifyrc.sample for examples. It should be self explanatory. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Operator Trouble Information System

noweb, a literate-programming tool

NO Virtual Memory. A version of the caching server Squid.

Network Of Workstations (Cluster)

noweb, a literate-programming tool

a simple literate-programming tool

A WEB-like literate-programming tool. noweb is designed to meet the needs of literate programmers while remaining as simple as possible. Its primary advantages are simplicity, extensibility, and language-independence. The noweb manual is only 3 pages; an additional page explains how to customize its LaTeX output. noweb works ``out of the box'' with any programming language, and supports TeX, latex, and HTML back ends. The primary sacrifice relative to WEB is that code is not prettyprinted. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

If this variable exists, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it cannot execute the file specified in the exec builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if exec fails. From Rute-Users-Guide http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Performance

No Problem (DFUe, Usenet, IRC)

Network Performance Analyzer

Network Printer Alliance (IEEE 1284, IBM, Lexmark, Xerox) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Professional Association (org., USA)

Numbering Plan Area

Northeast Parallel Architectures Center (org., USA, HPC) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The folks at NPACI have built a cluster distribution that emphasizes ease of management, configurability and security. Red Hat Linux 7.3 forms the base of this special purpose distribution, which is being used by a number of educational and commercial organizations. The distribution is not OSCAR-based, and it has some significant advantages over the OSCAR methodology/implementation. Version 2.3.2 was released April 1, 2003. A 'special purpose/mini' distribution.

Query information from SNMP featured printer This is a quite small utility to query information from a network printer which has to understand SNMP. You can use this tool to query the features of a printer, get the pagecount or inquire the printer status e.g. how much paper is left in the printer. This might sound uninteresting but it is very nice for writing scripts to illustrate printer usage and stuff. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Newt and GNU Parted based disk partition table manipulator nParted is a newt-based front end to the GNU parted library that permits the user to resize, copy, and move disk partitions in the style of PowerQuest's well-known Partition Magic partition table editor. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Parameter Control

Network Products Division (Toshiba)

Network Problem Determination Application (IBM)

Non Parse Headers (HTTPD, CGI)

Network Printer Interface

Netscape Public License (Netscape)

Non-Procedural Language

Network Performance Monitor

Named Pipes / Mail Slots (MS)

NCP Packet Switching Interface (IBM, NCP)

Network Protocol Service Interface

NASA Packet Switch System (NASA)

National Public Telecomputing Network (network, USA)

Net Present Value

Not Quite C compiler for LEGO Mindstorms RCX The LEGO Mindstorms RCX is a Hitachi microcontroller embedded into a LEGO brick. This package lets you write programs in a C-like language and download them to your RCX using the serial infrared tower included with the RCX. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Queuing System

pure Ruby implementation of a non-validating XML processor NQXML is a pure Ruby implementation of a non-validating XML processor. It includes an XML tokenizer, a SAX-style streaming XML parser, a DOM-style tree parser, and an XML writer. `NQ'' stands for `Not Quite''. There is some limitations. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

National Research Council (org., USA)

National Resource for Computers in Life Science Education (USA) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

National Research and Education Network (USA, network) From VERA [http:/ /www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Not Ready for Data

Network Resource Management

Normal Response Mode (IRDA, IRLAP, NDM)

National Research Network (USA, network)

No Reply Necessary (slang, Usenet)

/N'rof/ n. [Unix, from "new roff" (see troff)] A companion program to the Unix typesetter troff, accepting identical input but preparing output for terminals and line printers.

emulate nroff command with groff

New Run-OFF (Unix)

Name Registration System

Novell Replication Services (Novell, Netware)

Non-Requesting Terminal

Non-RealTime Variable Bit Rate (VBR, ATM), "nrt-VBR"

Non-Return-to-Zero [recording]

Non-Return-to-Zero, Invert to ones [encoding]

Name Server (DNS, Unix)

National Standard

National Security Agency (org., USA)

Is also sometimes referred to as simply SELinux. The results of several previous research projects by the National Security Agency have been incorporated in a security-enhanced Linux system. This version of Linux has a strong, flexible mandatory access control architecture incorporated into the major subsystems of the kernel. The system provides a mechanism to enforce the separation of information based on confidentiality and integrity requirements. This allows threats of tampering and bypassing of application security mechanisms to be addressed and enables the confinement of damage that can be caused by malicious or flawed applications. Version 2003040708 was released April 7, 2003. A 'secured' distribution.

National Standards Authority of Ireland (org., Irland) From VERA [http:/ /www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Service Access Point (OSI, OSI/RM, SAP)

Network Service Access Point Address (OSI, NSAP)

Netscape Server Application Programmer's Interface (Netscape, WWW, C/S, API)

National Science Board (USA, org.)

Not-So-Bad Distribution (Bell)

National Security Council (org., USA)

National SemiConductor (manufacturer)

Network Service Center

National institute for Supercomputing Applications

Netscape browser's cache directory browser and manager NScache views and manages the cache directory of the Netscape browser. NB: currently only Netscape 4.x is supported - i.e not Mozilla. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http: //www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

GNU C Library: Name Service Cache Daemon A daemon which handles passwd, group and host lookups for running programs and caches the results for the next query. You should install this package only if you use slow Services like LDAP, NIS or NIS+ From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Nscd caches name service lookups. It can dramatically improve performance with NIS+ and may help with DNS as well. From Redhat 8.0 RPM http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

National Security Directive (USA)

Network Support Encyclopedia (Novell)

Network Switching Engineering Center

Natural Sciences and Research Council (org., USA)

An acronym for National Science Foundation, the NSFNet became officially disconnected from the primary Internet on April 30, 1995. From KADOWKEV http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

National Science Foundation (org., USA)

Norges StandardiseringsForbund (org., Norway)

An independent agency of the U.S. government that seeks to promote the public good throughout the development of science and engineering. Until 1995, NSF subsidized and coordinated NSFnet, which at one time was the backbone network of the Internet native application A software program designed to work with a particular type of microprocessor in other words, a program that is binary compatible with a particular microprocessor. Non-native applications may run on a given microprocessor with the help of an emulation program, but native applications are almost always significantly faster than non-native applications.

NextStep Fuer IntelProzessoren, "NSfIP"

National Science Foundation NETwork (network, USA, Internet), "NSFnet"

Network Services Group

a validating SGML parser

Name Service Independent (DCE/RPC, CDS)

NASA Science Internet (NASA, network)

National Schengen Information System (SIS, Europe)

Lint for DNS files, checks integrity Nslint reads the nameserver configuration files and performs a number of consistency checks on the DNS records. Nslint understands both old style named.boot and BIND 8's new named.conf files. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

query Internet name servers interactively

intranet/internet server checker. A program which can check your servers which are connected to the internet/intranet via TCP/IP. There is ping and port check. Ping is an ICMP echo port check is a simple connect() to the specified port. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NASA Science Network (USA, network)

An acronym for Network Service Provider, these are the companies that provide connectivity to the internet for ISPs and others requiring high speed connections between their LANs and the Internet. From KADOWKEV http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Name Service Protocol (DNS)

Native Signal Processing (Intel, CPU)

Network Service Point

Network Service Provider

Network Services Protocol (DNA)

Network Switching Performance Measurement Plan

NetScape Portable Runtime (Netscape, API)

Non-Source Routed

National Software Reuse Directory (USA)

Name Service Switch. The /etc/nsswitch.conf file determines the order of lookups performed when a certain piece of information is requested.

Namespace Specific String (URN)

Nodal Switching Subsystem (NSFNET)

Novell Storage System (Novell, Netware)

Not So Stubby Area (OSPF, RFC 1587)

National Space Science Data Center (org., USA)

This package includes two LDAP access clients: nss_ldap and pam_ldap. Nss_ldap is a set of C library extensions that allow X.500 and LDAP directory servers to be used as a primary source of aliases, ethers, groups, hosts, networks, protocol, users, RPCs, services, and shadow passwords (instead of or in addition to using flat files or NIS). Pam_ldap is a module for Linux-PAM that supports password changes, V2clients, Netscape's SSL, ypldapd, Netscape Directory Server password policies, access authorization, and crypted hashes. From Redhat 8.0 RPM http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Newfoundland Standard Time (TZ)

North Sumatra Time [+0630] (TZ)

NebenSTellenANlagen (Telekom, CBX), "NStAn"

National Science and Technology Council (org., USA)

National Software Testing Lab (org., USA)

network streams - a tcpdump output analyzer Nstreams is a utility designed to identify the IP streams that are occuring on a network from a non-user friendly tcpdump output of several megabytes. This is especially useful when you plan to install a firewall but if you do not know the nstreams that the network users are generating (http, real audio, and more...). Nstreams can read the tcpdump output directly from stdin, or from a file. It can even generate the configuration file of your firewall. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary /html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html

National Secure Telephone System

??? [protocol]

Dynamic DNS update utility

National Software Works (OS)

Netzwerk Terminator, Network Terminator (ISDN)

New Technology (MS, OS)

Nome Time [-1100] (TZ)

Network Termination [unit] 1 (ISDN)

curses-based AIM client nTAIM is a curses-based AOL Instant Messenger client which is quite featureful. It supports tab completion, custom color schemes, logging, buddy aliases, buddy pounce, and a number of other things. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NT Advanced Server (MS, Windows NT)

Network Termination for Basic Access (ISDN)

National Telecommunications Conference (conference, USA) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

[Windows] NT Directory Services (MS, Windows NT, DS)

Network Terminal Equipment

shared text editor designed for use on the Mbone. NTE is a shared text editor designed for use on the Mbone. It is not a word processor (it is not clear that word processing is a useful task to share) and it is not a whiteboard - if you want a whiteboard, wb from LBL is a much better whiteboard. Using NTE can be very interactive - unless you lock a block of text, anyone else in your session can edit that text or delete it. This is intentional. Many people can (if they wish) edit the same document simultaneously. Many people can even edit the same block of text simultaneously, but if more than one person tries to edit the same line at one time, a conflict will occur, which results in only one of the changes being preserved. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NT File System. An optional way of formatting disks under WinNT that contains many enhancements (performance, reliability, and security) over the older FAT file-system found in DOS. Key point: Hardened WinNT computers should use NTFS exclusively. After installation, some file and directory permissions need to be adjusted. Key point: NTFS supports a feature called "alternate data-streams" (similar to Macintosh data and resource forks) that can be used to attach data to files in a hidden way. The additional information does not appear to change the size of the file in directory listings.

[windows] New Technology File System

Documentation about NTFS partitions format. This work is derived

Tools for doing neat things in NTFS partitions from Linux. The Linux-NTFS project (http://linux-ntfs.sf.net/) aims to bring full support for the NTFS filesystem to the Linux operating system. This is a set of tools targeted for people interested in working with the NTFS support in the Linux kernel and using it. The following utilities are included: ntfsfix - Attempt to fix an NTFS partition that has been damaged by the Linux NTFS driver. You should run it every time after you have used the Linux NTFS driver to write to an NTFS partition to prevent massive data corruption from happening when Windows mounts the partition. mkntfs - Format a partition with the NTFS filesystem. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http: //www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

National Telecommunications and Information Administration / Agency (org., USA)

Need-To-Know (slang, Usenet, IRC)

Newton ToolKit (Apple)

[Windows] NT LAN Manager (MS, Windows NT, LAN)

National Telecommunications Network

Network Terminal Option

display network usage in top-like format ntop is a Network Top program. It displays a summary of network usage by machines on your network in a format reminiscent of the unix top utility. It can also be run in web mode, which allows the display to be browsed with a web browser. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Daemon and utilities for full NTP v4 timekeeping participation. The Network Time Protocol allows for the synchronization of clocks on networked computers. The ntpd daemon implements NTP, allowing Unix systems to participate in this synchronization. To minimize resource consumption in the general case, this package no longer includes the actual daemon. You will need either ntp-simple or ntp-refclock, depending on whether you want the drivers for radio clocks included in the refclock version of the daemon. NTP was designed with attention to details which might introduce systematic bias into the computations, and the protocol is capable of synchronizing with even the most precise external time sources. For more information on how NTP works, and how to configure a campus of ntpd daemons, load the optional Debian package 'ntp-doc'. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Time Protocol (Internet, RFC 1119/1305)

Network Time Protocol - protocol built on top of TCP/IP that assures accurate local timekeeping with reference to radio, atomic or other clocks located on the Internet. This protocol is capable of synchronizing distributed clocks within milliseconds over long time periods.

The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is used to synchronize a computer'stime with another reference time source. The ntp package contains utilities and daemons that will synchronize your computer's time to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) via the NTP protocol and NTP servers. The ntp package includes ntpdate (a program for retrieving the date and time from remote machines via a network) and ntpd (a daemon which continuously adjusts system time). Install the ntp package if you need tools for keeping your system's time synchronized via the NTP protocol. From Redhat 8.0 RPM http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:/ /www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NTP v4 daemon for reference clocks. This version of the ntp daemon includes drivers to interface to various radio clocks and other devices used for creating reference clocks. If you do not have a radio clock, use the ntp-simple package instead, as it consumes far less memory! If you're serious about building a high-quality stratum 1 timekeeper, please take a look at Ulrich Windl's PPSkit patchset for the Linux kernel, available from the kernel.org mirror network in pub/linux/daemons/ntp. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NTP v4 daemon for simple systems. This version of the ntp daemon is sufficient for most systems. If you wish to configure a reference clock, particularly if you have a radio clock, use the ntp-refclock package instead. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/ html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The ntpdate client for setting system time from NTP servers. The ntpdate client allows a system's clock to be set to match the time obtained by communicating with one or more servers running the NTP protocol. The use of ntpdate is optional if you're running the ntp package, it can help a system obtain lock if it starts with a time that's pretty close by using ntpdate before starting the daemon. The ntpdate client by itself is useful for occasionally setting the time on machines that are not on the net full-time, such as laptops. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network Technical Support

Network Test System

New Typesetting System (TeX, DANTE)

Network Transport Services /2 (IBM), "NTS/2"

Netware Telephony Services Architecture

National Television Standards Committee (org., USA)

Never The Same Color (slang)

[Windows] NT Server / Enterprise edition (MS, Windows NT), "NTS/E" From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Ntsysv provides a simple interface for setting which system services are started or stopped in various runlevels (instead of directly manipulating the numerous symbolic links in /etc/rc.d). Unless you specify a runlevel or runlevels on the command line (see the manpage), ntsysv configures the current runlevel (5 if you're using X). From Redhat 8.0 RPM [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Nippon Telephone & Telegraph (org., Japan)

Network User Address

Nuclinux is a single floppy Linux distribution. One 3.5 in. floppy contains enough of a system to connect to the Internet from a networked machine (e.g. school lab, Internet cafe, etc.) It's also available as a DOS/Windows install. A floppy-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network User Identification (Datex-P)

Natur- und UmweltInformationsSystem Schleswig-Holstein (UIS), "NUIS-SH"

small, fast identd daemon nullidentd is a small, fast and secure identd daemon. It returns a static string for every query. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Simple relay-only mail transport agent This is nullmailer, a sendmail/ qmail/etc replacement MTA for hosts which relay to a fixed set of smart relays. It is designed to be simple to configure, secure, and easily extendable. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Non Uniform Memory Access (SMP)

Non-Uniform Memory Architecture. For example, a multiprocessor where access to different classes of memory takes significantly different amounts of time. (Memory accesses over a network of some sort, basically.)

NumLock enable to lock the numlock key. Only enable it at boot-time withntsysv or with any other SVSR like rc.d config scripts editor such as tksysv or the ones from GNOME and KDE. NumLock is safe for portable as it is disabled by default. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Non Uniform Rational B-spline

Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (CAD, Animation)

National University of Singapore (org.)

Network UPS Tools This daemon can monitor a large assortment of UPS hardware and can provide notification to other computers via it's client/ server architecture. One computer is configured to act as a master and the others are configured as slaves. This package provides the best features of the other Debian UPS packages but is not based on any of them. Specifically, it is better because: 1) it has the ability to talk to a wide variety of hardware in both dumb and smart modes, similar to genpower; and 2) it has network capability in that it can act as a UPS server (master) for other UPS client boxes (slaves), similar to apcd. Finally, the companion package, nut-cgi, provides cgi scripts that can display the status of UPS on a web page. (potato debs can be found at http://people.debian.org/~lfilipoz) From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network UPS Tools - web interface This package contains CGI scripts that provide a nice web interface to a Network UPS Tools daemon. The scripts are packaged separately because there are situations where one may want to use Network UPS Tools but may not want a web interface to the daemon. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

[National Board for Industrial and Technical Development] (org., Sweden)

convert nuweb files to noweb form

allows you to overclock your nvidia card under linux This program allows you to overclock your nvidia chip based video card. You need to have the official nvidia drivers installed. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NetView Distribution Manager /2 (OS/2, IBM), "NVDM/2"

4.4BSD re-implementation of vi. Vi is the original screen based text editor for Unix systems. It is considered the standard text editor, and is available on almost all Unix systems. Nvi is intended as a "bug-for-bug compatible" clone of the original BSD vi editor. As such, it doesn't have a lot of snazzy features as do some of the other vi clones such as elvis and vim. However, if all you want is vi, this is the one to get. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html /index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NVIDIA binary XFree86 4.x driver These XFree86 4.0 binary drivers are the result of a collaborative partnership between NVIDIA, SGI and VA Linux. In this initial beta release, they provide optimized hardware acceleration of OpenGL applications via a direct-rendering X Server and support the TNT, TNT2, TNT Ultra, GeForce, nForce and Quadro chipsets. AGP and flat panel displays are also supported. This package builds the NVIDIA binary XFree86 4.x driver. For more information on this source package visit NVIDIA's homepage at http://www.nvidia.com/ . From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NVIDIA binary kernel module These XFree86 4.0 binary drivers are the result of a collaborative partnership between NVIDIA, SGI and VA Linux. In this initial beta release, they provide optimized hardware acceleration of OpenGL applications via a direct-rendering X Server and support the TNT, TNT2, TNT Ultra, GeForce, nForce, and Quadro chipsets. AGP and flat panel displays are also supported. This package builds the NVIDIA binary kernel module needed by nvidia-glx. For more information on this source package visit NVIDIA's homepage at http://www.nvidia.com/ . From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

text editors

National Videotex Network (USA, network)

Network Voice Protocol

Non-Volatile Random Access Memory (RAM, IC)

NachrichtenVermittlungsSystem (INPOL)

Network Virtual Terminal (Telnet, Internet)

tool to control the TV chips on NVidia cards under Linux This is a program to control the TV chips on NVidia cards under Linux, in order to get tv-out with a wide range of resolutions and sizes, including "overscan" modes. It does even work with the free nv drivers. From Debian 3.0r0 APT http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A version of wall that uses GNU readline nwall is a system-local chat program based on BSD wall. It logs chat, as well as providing opt-out lockfiles for users who want to be alerted to system walls, but don't want to be distracted by the nwall chatter. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http:/ /www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/ LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Network service detector. NWatch is a sniffer but can be conceptualized as a "passive port scanner", in that it is only interested in IP traffic and it organizes results as a port scanner would. The advantage of this tool is that services that is open for a short period of time can be detected with NWatch while successive nmap scans will miss them. The disadvantage is that the service have to be actively used to be detected. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Netware Workstation Compatible Service (Netware, Windows NT) From VERA http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

NetWare Internet Protocol (Novell, Netware)

NorthWestern states NETwork (network, USA), "NWNet"

NetWork Operator (ETSI, ETSI 201 671)

Enhanced replacement for the write command. Nwrite is a replacement for the standard write program that lets you write directly to the terminal of another logged-in user without the overhead of talk taking over the full screen or the other user having to respond first. Nwrite's advantages over traditional write include the ability to send the same message simultaneously to multiple users, and a receiver-configurable message format, including a tag at the start of each line that identifies the sender. From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/ Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Nextview EPG decoder and browser In this software package you find a decoder for Nextview - an Electronic TV Programme Guide for the analog domain (as opposed to the various digital EPGs that come with most digital broadcasts). It allows you to decode and browse TV programme listings for most of the major networks in Germany, Austria, France and Switzerland. Currently Nextview EPG is transmitted by: - in Germany and Austria: Pro7, 3Sat, RTL-II. - in Switzerland: EuroNews, SF1, TSR1. - in France: Canal+, M6, TV5. - in Turkey: TRT (as of June/2001 still a test transmission) The EPG information is read from /dev/vbi, i.e. you need some TV card which provides a VBI data stream. bttv cards work. zoran might work too, but I haven't tested that due to lack of hardware... From Debian 3.0r0 APT [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/ index.html] http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

This is the name of a project and stands for NIS+, YP and Switch and is managed by Peter Eriksson <peter@ifm.liu.se>. It contains among other things a complete reimplementation of the NIS (= YP) code that uses the Name Services Switch functionality of the NYS library. From NIS HOWTO http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html http:// www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html